List of fda approved bioidentical hormones - The following lists some basic information about the FDA-approved hormone medicines for menopause. Use this information to help you talk to your healthcare provider about whether hormone...

 
Jul 1, 2020 · Compounded drugs have long been part of the medical armamentarium. Through drug compounding, compounders may offer therapeutic alternatives for patients with unique medical needs that cannot be met by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug products (FDA, 2017a). The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938 is the primary source of FDA's authority over prescription ... . Aldine isd school supply list 2022 23

The FDA has latched onto this false conclusion from a report it commissioned, and it is another direct threat compounded bioidentical hormones’ future. The FDA’s announcement regarding bioidentical hormones came just hours after the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released their report reviewing the ...The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is currently considering placing eleven hormones used in Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy (“cBHT”) on a The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is currently considering placing eleven hormones used in Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy (“cBHT”) on a “difficult to compound list”[1],effectively banning the compounding of ...For example, one study found that only 1 of 10 compounding pharmacies provided progesterone vaginal suppositories that were all within the potency range required of similar FDA-approved products. 2. This article will focus on compounded bioidentical hormone preparations aimed at menopausal and perimenopausal women.Hormone Route of administration Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Non-Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Estrogen: Oral: FDA-approved Estrace®, generics (17β-estradiol)Available compounded (not FDA-approved) Estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), biestrogen (E2E3), triestrogen (E1E2E3) FDA-approvedCompounded drugs have long been part of the medical armamentarium. Through drug compounding, compounders may offer therapeutic alternatives for patients with unique medical needs that cannot be met by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug products (FDA, 2017a). The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938 is the primary source of FDA's authority over prescription ...Jul 1, 2020 · The use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs) — an increasingly popular approach to relieve symptoms of menopause and male hypogonadism — should be limited to the small number of patients who cannot benefit from an FDA-approved hormone therapy product, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 14 uses of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved hormone therapies include 15 replacement during menopause, oncology therapies, and for endocrine or genetic disorders. 16 Although oral contraceptives are a common use of hormones, their primary use for the preventionThe FDA has not approved these compounded hormones, and it does not regulate them. As a result, they may pose safety risks. There is little evidence supporting bioidentical hormones, particularly ...Dec 12, 2022 · The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some forms of manufactured bioidentical hormones, including bioidentical estriol (a weak form of estrogen) and progesterone. The first will examine the clinical utility of treating patients with compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products. ... are used at times instead of FDA-approved drug ... Aug 12, 2020 · Patented synthetic hormones require extensive testing and funding, which helps keep the FDA in business. When looking at the safety of bioidentical hormones, several things stand out. As mentioned above, the risk of breast cancer is reduced using bioidentical hormones. In October 2005 Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of both FDA-approved bioidentical and non-bioidentical HRT preparations, filed a citizen petition with the FDA asking for enforcement action against compounding pharmacies that dispensed BHT and to investigate labelling and advertising guidelines. Soon after, the FDA took a number of ...compounded drugs, and then it reviews key regulatory issues related to the U.S. compounded drug market. 2 FDA-APPROVED DRUG PRODUCTS. FDA approves a new drug for public use only after careful review of data from preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials that determine whether the benefits of the drug outweigh its known and potential risks. Companies that make bioidentical hormone therapy use the term “bioidentical” to suggest that their products are exactly the same as natural hormones. Many of these companies also claim that their products are safer than menopausal hormone therapy. However, the FDA does not recognize this term or regulate these products. No studies have been ...Bioidentical or body-identical hormones are estradiol and progesterone that are molecularly identical to human hormones. Most (not all) modern menopause hormone therapy is bioidentical. Keep reading for a list of brands. The difference between “bioidentical” and “body-identical” is that body-identical is the preferred conventional term ...(See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treatDec 7, 2022 · The term "natural" means the hormones in the product come from plant or animal sources. They're not made in a lab. But many of these products still need to be commercially processed to become bioidentical. Traditional hormone therapies don't necessarily exclude natural hormones. Some FDA-approved products come from plants. Examples include ... Pharmacies that compound bioidentical hormones, though, do not have to submit paperwork since they aren’t FDA-approved. On the surface, this may make it seem as though compounded bioidentical hormones are safer since they don’t list side effects. But the reality is that they simply aren’t known.The use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs) — an increasingly popular approach to relieve symptoms of menopause and male hypogonadism — should be limited to the small number of patients who cannot benefit from an FDA-approved hormone therapy product, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.The following lists some basic information about the FDA-approved hormone medicines for menopause. Use this information to help you talk to your healthcare provider about whether hormone...Jul 19, 2022 · Pharmacies that compound bioidentical hormones, though, do not have to submit paperwork since they aren’t FDA-approved. On the surface, this may make it seem as though compounded bioidentical hormones are safer since they don’t list side effects. But the reality is that they simply aren’t known. Apr 19, 2023 · These types are approved and regulated by the FDA, and they are made by drug companies. Some bioidentical hormones are available in a compounding pharmacy. Compounded bioidentical hormones may be put into a capsule, a skin cream or gel, a tablet to dissolve under your tongue, a suppository, or a nose spray. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dozens of hormone therapy products for men and women, including estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and related compounds. These products have been reviewed for safety and efficacy and are indicated for treatment of symptoms resulting from hormonal changes associated with menopause or other endocrine-based disorders. In recent decades ...Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are the most commonly used bioidentical hormones. Some prescription forms of bioidentical hormones are premade by drug companies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain types of bioidentical hormones. The use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs) — an increasingly popular approach to relieve symptoms of menopause and male hypogonadism — should be limited to the small number of patients who cannot benefit from an FDA-approved hormone therapy product, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is currently considering placing eleven hormones used in Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy (“cBHT”) on a The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is currently considering placing eleven hormones used in Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy (“cBHT”) on a “difficult to compound list”[1],effectively banning the compounding of ...Oct 24, 2013 · The FDA has approved several bioidentical hormones. Somers' books, however, describes custom-compounded bioidentical hormones, meaning they are produced by a pharmacy mixing ingredients of various ... (See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treat "It is important that women understand what bioidentical hormones are and the differences between those that are FDA-approved and those that are compounded or "mixed" at the pharmacy level," said ...May 27, 2022 · There are FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products available, including estradiol ... Bioidentical hormones are synthetic (artificial) hormones often confused with natural hormones derived from plants. Standard BHRT is tested, approved, and regulated by the FDA, while cBHRT is not. Many people prefer BHRT because of its perceived safety and because it can be customized.Bioidentical hormones have the exact same chemical and molecular structure as hormones that are produced in the human body. Bioidentical hormones are available as FDA-approved hormone formulations. Nonapproved custom-compounded preparations are marketed as bioidentical, but content is uncertain. Context: Since 2002, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a black box warning on women's hormone replacement products, women and their providers have been struggling with whether to proceed with hormone replacement therapy. Out of the controversy has grown a popular movement promoting the use of bioidentical hormones.Jul 7, 2010 · "It is important that women understand what bioidentical hormones are and the differences between those that are FDA-approved and those that are compounded or "mixed" at the pharmacy level," said ... Companies that make bioidentical hormone therapy use the term “bioidentical” to suggest that their products are exactly the same as natural hormones. Many of these companies also claim that their products are safer than menopausal hormone therapy. However, the FDA does not recognize this term or regulate these products. No studies have been ...Bioidentical testosterone is currently not FDA approved or commercially available for women. Through compounding pharmacy technology, the product can be formulated for off-label use, but again, will not be covered by insurance. Two gels are approved in the U.S. for men only: AndroGel and Testim (1%). There are no FDA approved products for cis ...Jul 10, 2020 · The benefits of FDA-approved bioidentical hormone therapy stem from the nature of their creation. They are created at a molecular level in order to be as close a match as possible for their patients. On the other hand, since no conclusive study has yet been made, it can't be concluded that bioidentical hormones are any safer than synthetic ... Apr 29, 2011 · The term CBHT refers to hormone preparations that (1) have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as the estrogens and progesterone produced within the human body, (2) are plant derived, and (3) are specifically compounded for an individual patient. Custom CBHT is not FDA-approved for treatment of menopausal symptoms. 16. Jul 13, 2021 · Group Tells the FDA to Restrict the Use of Compounded Hormones. That is the message this group is using to convince the FDA to make prescribing compounded products a very restricted field. The use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs) — an increasingly popular approach to relieve symptoms of menopause and male hypogonadism ... Oct 24, 2013 · The FDA has approved several bioidentical hormones. Somers' books, however, describes custom-compounded bioidentical hormones, meaning they are produced by a pharmacy mixing ingredients of various ... compounded drugs, and then it reviews key regulatory issues related to the U.S. compounded drug market. 2 FDA-APPROVED DRUG PRODUCTS. FDA approves a new drug for public use only after careful review of data from preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials that determine whether the benefits of the drug outweigh its known and potential risks. FDA approved bioidentical hormones are intended for standard doses that are mass-produced by manufacturers. If you need a dose that is higher or lower than what a manufacturer makes, then you must have it compounded to your individual needs. There are 3 types of bioidentical estrogens. The stronger and more active estrogen against menopausal ...A wide variety of FDA-approved bioidentical hormones are currently available. New transdermal biodentical estradiol gels have been approved by the FDA for menopausal symptoms. In the future, new ...Companies that make bioidentical hormone therapy use the term “bioidentical” to suggest that their products are exactly the same as natural hormones. Many of these companies also claim that their products are safer than menopausal hormone therapy. However, the FDA does not recognize this term or regulate these products. No studies have been ...In addition to this, these drugs used estriol, a weaker form of estrogen which does not have FDA approval. The Benefits and Risks of Bioidentical Hormone Therapy. As with any health treatment, bioidentical hormones come with benefits and risks. The benefits of FDA-approved bioidentical hormone therapy stem from the nature of their creation.May 25, 2023 · Bioidentical hormones. These hormones come from plant sources. The term "bioidentical" implies the hormones in the product are chemically identical to those your body produces. There are some commercially available bioidentical hormones approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Jul 10, 2020 · Bioidentical progesterone replacement therapy is commonly used by perimenopausal and postmenopausal women whose shifting hormone levels severely affect their well-being, causing symptoms such as irritability, hot flashes, difficulty concentrating, loss of libido, and more. However, women of reproductive age may also choose to take bioidentical ... Custom hormone treatments, called compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs), are often promoted by celebrities as natural or safer than FDA-approved therapies. UConn toxicologist José Manautou, who heads the department of pharmaceutical sciences, served on the committee that wrote the National Academies report.Oct 18, 2017 · The good news for women who make this choice is that there are many FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products that supply estradiol that you can buy...with a prescription, of course...at any neighborhood pharmacy. They have names such as Estrace, Alora, Climara, Estring and Vagifem. Patented synthetic hormones require extensive testing and funding, which helps keep the FDA in business. When looking at the safety of bioidentical hormones, several things stand out. As mentioned above, the risk of breast cancer is reduced using bioidentical hormones.However, there are also commercially available FDA-approved products that fit the definition of “bioidentical,” and some bioidentical hormones are derived from animal sources or made synthetically (Cirigliano 2007). These products are seldom marketed or prescribed by anti-aging and other alternative health practitioners, who instead favor ...Bioidentical or body-identical hormones are estradiol and progesterone that are molecularly identical to human hormones. Most (not all) modern menopause hormone therapy is bioidentical. Keep reading for a list of brands. The difference between “bioidentical” and “body-identical” is that body-identical is the preferred conventional term ...Mar 7, 2007 · For example, one study found that only 1 of 10 compounding pharmacies provided progesterone vaginal suppositories that were all within the potency range required of similar FDA-approved products. 2. This article will focus on compounded bioidentical hormone preparations aimed at menopausal and perimenopausal women. Oct 7, 2022 · by DonnaWhite | Oct 11, 2019. The quick answer is yes, bioidentical hormones are FDA approved but hold on, this is a very controversial and somewhat complex topic that requires more explanation. Some bioidentical hormones are manufactured by drug companies, are approved by the FDA, and sold in standard doses. There are FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products available, including estradiol (Estrace, Climara, Vivelle) and progesterone (Prometrium). Many compounded hormones are also considered to be bioidentical. These are hormones made just for you. But they aren’t FDA-approved and can vary in quality. Table of contents About bioidentical hormones UsesBioidentical hormones are synthetic (artificial) hormones often confused with natural hormones derived from plants. Standard BHRT is tested, approved, and regulated by the FDA, while cBHRT is not. Many people prefer BHRT because of its perceived safety and because it can be customized.Aug 12, 2020 · Patented synthetic hormones require extensive testing and funding, which helps keep the FDA in business. When looking at the safety of bioidentical hormones, several things stand out. As mentioned above, the risk of breast cancer is reduced using bioidentical hormones. A wide variety of FDA-approved bioidentical hormones are currently available. New transdermal biodentical estradiol gels have been approved by the FDA for menopausal symptoms. In the future, new ...Pellet therapy is one of the many ways you can receive hormone replacement therapy and is a popular treatment plan for patients in wellness, anti-aging, and hormone clinics. The pellets can be FDA-approved drugs (Testopel), or they can be custom made (not FDA-approved) in a compounding pharmacy (e.g., BioTE and many others).Custom hormone treatments, called compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs), are often promoted by celebrities as natural or safer than FDA-approved therapies. UConn toxicologist José Manautou, who heads the department of pharmaceutical sciences, served on the committee that wrote the National Academies report.The first will examine the clinical utility of treating patients with compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products. ... instead of FDA-approved drug products for hormone ...Source: goodtoknow.co.uk. On the other hand, many of these points may be directly treated with bioidentical hormone alternative therapy. Hormone preparations specially tailor made for patients by compounding pharmacies, often known as bioidentical hormones, are extensively touted as being safer and more natural than Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved variations of hormones.FDA Approved Bioidentical Hormones Preparations: All the hormones used in compounded preparations have been FDA approved and are used OFF-Label in compounded preparations. Here is a partial list of FDA approved hormone preparations for Estradiol, Progesterone and Testosterone: Hormone Product Year of FDA Approval ManufacturerIn many instances compounded hormones are more affordable. Estradiol vaginal cream can cost well over $300 while compounded estradiol vaginal cream may start at around $50. Some insurance companies may be more likely to cover FDA approved hormones. However, now some compounding pharmacies file insurance too.The use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs) — an increasingly popular approach to relieve symptoms of menopause and male hypogonadism — should be limited to the small number of patients who cannot benefit from an FDA-approved hormone therapy product, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.Mar 11, 2021 · Bioidentical hormones are available as FDA-approved hormone formulations. Nonapproved custom-compounded preparations are marketed as bioidentical, but content is uncertain. The widespread use of compounded bioidentical hormone therapy despite the lack of evidence to support its safety and efficacy is concerning. Custom hormone treatments, called compounded bioidentical hormone therapies (cBHTs), are often promoted by celebrities as natural or safer than FDA-approved therapies.Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are the most commonly used bioidentical hormones. Some prescription forms of bioidentical hormones are premade by drug companies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain types of bioidentical hormones.A wide variety of FDA-approved bioidentical hormones are currently available. New transdermal biodentical estradiol gels have been approved by the FDA for menopausal symptoms. In the future, new ...14 uses of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved hormone therapies include 15 replacement during menopause, oncology therapies, and for endocrine or genetic disorders. 16 Although oral contraceptives are a common use of hormones, their primary use for the prevention(See Table for a list of FDA-approved bioi-dentical HT products.) Another hormone, testosterone (shown to improve sexual desire), is not currently available as an FDA-approved bioidentical product. Confusion and unsubstantiated claims surround the custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy products used to treatThe FDA’s Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) should review select hormones for the Difficult to Compound list, including estradiol, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, estriol, testosterone, and the pellet dosage form. The federal government and State Boards of Pharmacy should expand and improve oversight of 503A “traditional ...Oct 18, 2017 · The good news for women who make this choice is that there are many FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products that supply estradiol that you can buy...with a prescription, of course...at any neighborhood pharmacy. They have names such as Estrace, Alora, Climara, Estring and Vagifem. The first will examine the clinical utility of treating patients with compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) products. ... instead of FDA-approved drug products for hormone ...In addition to this, these drugs used estriol, a weaker form of estrogen which does not have FDA approval. The Benefits and Risks of Bioidentical Hormone Therapy. As with any health treatment, bioidentical hormones come with benefits and risks. The benefits of FDA-approved bioidentical hormone therapy stem from the nature of their creation.Context: Since 2002, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a black box warning on women's hormone replacement products, women and their providers have been struggling with whether to proceed with hormone replacement therapy. Out of the controversy has grown a popular movement promoting the use of bioidentical hormones. A list of FDA-approved testosterone products can be found by searching for ... Testosterone is a hormone essential for the growth and development of male sex organs and maintenance of secondary ...In many instances compounded hormones are more affordable. Estradiol vaginal cream can cost well over $300 while compounded estradiol vaginal cream may start at around $50. Some insurance companies may be more likely to cover FDA approved hormones. However, now some compounding pharmacies file insurance too.The following lists some basic information about the FDA-approved hormone medicines for menopause. Use this information to help you talk to your healthcare provider about whether hormone...compounded drugs, and then it reviews key regulatory issues related to the U.S. compounded drug market. 2 FDA-APPROVED DRUG PRODUCTS. FDA approves a new drug for public use only after careful review of data from preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials that determine whether the benefits of the drug outweigh its known and potential risks.Compounding pharmacies should be aware of recent developments in the law surrounding bioidentical hormone therapy (cBHT). In the field of pharmacy, compounding (performed in compounding pharmacies) is preparation of a custom formulation of a medication to fit the unique need of a patient which cannot be met with commercially available products. Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved. The Food ...Hormone Route of administration Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Non-Bioidentical brand name (active pharmaceutical ingredient) Estrogen: Oral: FDA-approved Estrace®, generics (17β-estradiol)Available compounded (not FDA-approved) Estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), biestrogen (E2E3), triestrogen (E1E2E3) FDA-approvedThe term CBHT refers to hormone preparations that (1) have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as the estrogens and progesterone produced within the human body, (2) are plant derived, and (3) are specifically compounded for an individual patient. Custom CBHT is not FDA-approved for treatment of menopausal symptoms. 16.

The gap between a need for effective menopausal treatment and available therapies with a perceived acceptable risk/benefit ratio vastly expanded the use of non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounded hormone therapy (CHT), 6,7 which has been marketed as safer than HT and has been promoted as a superior alternative to HT. 6,8-10 .... Laminate floor edge trim bandq

list of fda approved bioidentical hormones

The term "bioidentical hormone therapy" is used to describe hormones that are identical or nearly identical to the molecular structure of hormones produced naturally by your body. Technically, your body cannot tell bioidentical hormones from the ones your ovaries produce. Bioidentical hormones come from plants like soy or yams, but still need ...Jul 9, 2020 · The agency has latched onto this false conclusion from a report it commissioned, and it is another direct threat to estriol and compounded bioidentical hormones’ future. Action Alert! The FDA’s announcement regarding bioidentical hormones came just hours after the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released their report reviewing the “clinical utility” of Context: Since 2002, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a black box warning on women's hormone replacement products, women and their providers have been struggling with whether to proceed with hormone replacement therapy. Out of the controversy has grown a popular movement promoting the use of bioidentical hormones.In October 2005 Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of both FDA-approved bioidentical and non-bioidentical HRT preparations, filed a citizen petition with the FDA asking for enforcement action against compounding pharmacies that dispensed BHT and to investigate labelling and advertising guidelines. Soon after, the FDA took a number of ...In many instances compounded hormones are more affordable. Estradiol vaginal cream can cost well over $300 while compounded estradiol vaginal cream may start at around $50. Some insurance companies may be more likely to cover FDA approved hormones. However, now some compounding pharmacies file insurance too.Menopause is a normal, natural change in a woman’s life when her period stops. That’s why some people call menopause “the change of life” or “the change.”. During menopause a woman’s ...There are FDA-approved bioidentical hormone products available, including estradiol (Estrace, Climara, Vivelle) and progesterone (Prometrium). Many compounded hormones are also considered to be bioidentical. These are hormones made just for you. But they aren’t FDA-approved and can vary in quality. Table of contents About bioidentical hormones Usescompounded drugs, and then it reviews key regulatory issues related to the U.S. compounded drug market. 2 FDA-APPROVED DRUG PRODUCTS. FDA approves a new drug for public use only after careful review of data from preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials that determine whether the benefits of the drug outweigh its known and potential risks. Compounded drugs have long been part of the medical armamentarium. Through drug compounding, compounders may offer therapeutic alternatives for patients with unique medical needs that cannot be met by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug products (FDA, 2017a). The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938 is the primary source of FDA's authority over prescription ...Bioidentical hormones have the exact same chemical and molecular structure as hormones that are produced in the human body. Bioidentical hormones are available as FDA-approved hormone formulations. Nonapproved custom-compounded preparations are marketed as bioidentical, but content is uncertain. Bioidentical hormone therapy used to treat menopausal symptoms typically contains estradiol which is, in fact, identical to the estradiol used in traditional hormone therapy. Thus, the term bioidentical hormone therapy can be confusing; there are bioidentical hormones approved by the FDA, but there are also compounded bioidentical hormone ...Feb 22, 2022 · October 17, 2019 | Filed under: Health, Menopause. I’m so thrilled to have Dr. Barbie Taylor a.k.a. “Menopause Taylor” with us today! She’s a retired OB/GYN who’s dedicated her 2nd half to educating women about menopause! If you’re a woman (of any age), this is a must watch video! I was a typical aging woman who had NO …. Compounded drugs have long been part of the medical armamentarium. Through drug compounding, compounders may offer therapeutic alternatives for patients with unique medical needs that cannot be met by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug products (FDA, 2017a). The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938 is the primary source of FDA's authority over prescription ....

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